Energy policy refers to a set of principles and regulations implemented by governments, private enterprises, international organizations and regional authorities within a country to guide the management, production, distribution, exportation, and consumption of energy resources. The primary goal of energy policy is often to ensure a reliable, affordable, and sustainable supply of energy while addressing environmental concerns. The key aspects of energy policy include;

• Energy sources and administrations efforts to diversify import of energy carriers
• Energy efficiency and encouraging people to reduce their consumption
• Renewable energy promotion and prioritizing carbon reduction and using fewer fossil energies
• Power generation and addressing regulations and planning of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution systems
• Environmental consideration and focusing on mitigating climate change, emission reduction, and carbon pricing mechanism
• Energy security and ensuring a stable and secure energy supply. For producers it is necessary to have access to sustained markets.
• Economic impacts and taking to account economic implications of energy production and consumption such as cost-benefit analysis, job creation, and fostering innovation
• International cooperation and energy trade, and cross-border infrastructure

Energy policy future is being shaped by global and international events now. For example, energy policy after Covid-19 and the Russian attack on Ukraine at 2022 can be influenced by various factors. Here are possible aspects that could shape energy policies in the aftermath of these events.

First, Russian attack on Ukraine highlighted the vulnerability of countries heavily reliant on a single source or route for energy imports. In response, many nations may prioritize diversifying their energy sources to reduce dependence on any single country or supplier.

Second, energy security concerns may drive countries to enhance regional cooperation and collaboration. This could involve developing interconnections, building infrastructure for joint energy projects, and establishing common mechanisms for crisis response and energy supply assurance.

Third, Covid-19 pandemic and Russo-Ukraine war have underscored the need to accelerate the transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy systems.

Fourth, attack on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure highlighted the vulnerabilities of critical energy systems to cyber threats. In response, countries may strengthen their cyber security measures to protect their energy networks, including deploying advanced monitoring and defense systems, conducting regular audits and assessments, and enhancing international cooperation to exchange best practices and information.

Fifth, geopolitical implications of the war may result in increased international diplomatic efforts to address energy-related conflicts and promote stability.